Washington Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

What is the primary function of melanocytes in the skin?

1. Providing structural support

2. Producing melanin

3. Regulating blood flow

4. Producing collagen

The correct answer is: Producing melanin

The primary function of melanocytes in the skin is to produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and protection against UV radiation. Melanocytes are specialized cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis, and they synthesize melanin through a process called melanogenesis. The melanin produced by these cells is then transferred to surrounding keratinocytes, providing color to the skin and helping to absorb harmful ultraviolet light, reducing the risk of skin damage and potential skin cancers. In terms of the other functions mentioned in the choices, providing structural support is primarily the role of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the dermis, not melanocytes. Regulating blood flow in the skin is controlled by the vascular system and smooth muscle cells. Producing collagen is also the function of fibroblasts in the dermal layer, which helps maintain skin elasticity and strength. Hence, among the options presented, the production of melanin is distinctly linked to the role of melanocytes.